The Influence of Transparency and Disclosure on the Valuation of Banks in India: The Moderating Effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance Variables, Shareholder Activism, and Market Power

Research on the impact of transparency and disclosures (TD) firm’s valuation presents an ambiguous result. The effect disclosure value is a concern because not economic activity. It grows further due to embellishment positive suppression hostile facts. This situation has motivated authors conduct current research. study aims empirically find influence TD banks in India while Environmental, Social, Governance Index (esgi), Shareholder activism index (shai), Lerner (li) act as moderators. A panel data regression (PDR) adopted analyse study. Panel for 31 public/private ten years (2010–2019) are collated. used econometric models understand linear, quadratic, interaction association Transparency Disclosure with India. found that alone does but positively associated bank’s under moderators, variables shareholder (shai).